42f0cba1-a0d4-47d7-a2e1-e07269cf9469 Carbon footprint of imported muriate of potash (KCl) to NZ regional storage Technology mix production mix at plant, European average including primary production, 60% K2O, 49.8% K KCl/MOP/Potassium chloride Fertilizers Agricultural Fertilizers\2010 Fert Proj \ILCD proj The cradle-to-manufacturing stage: Good data quality. The data is based on recent industry data supplied by the European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association (EFMA) as well as on literature and thus reflecting the reality in fertilzer fabrication. Using the GaBi software system, the foreground data have been combined with LCI models integrating background LCI data on energy supply systems, ancillary processes and materials. Therefore, the data set covers all relevant process steps / technologies over the supply chain of the represented "cradle to gate" inventory with a good overall data quality. The Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics (IBP-GaBi), as an independent expert, has critically reviewed the entire LCI data profile including data consolidation, development for the various LCI models and the calculation of the associated LCI data sets. Transport: Overseas freight train transport to the port, as well as transport on ocean freight ship to New Zealand and subsequently to regional storages were based on information of destination provided by the NZ fertiliser industry. 0 2006 Annual average, site specific data from the European Fertilizer Manufacturers Association for the year 2006, literature information from 1997-2006. Ancillary processes (e.g. energy carriers) and materials as specified within the GaBi 4 database 2006 and are representative for the years 2000-2005. The data set represents the situation for muriate of potash production in the EU-25, shipped to New Zealand and stored. For use in NZ Muriate of potash or potassium chloride is a fertilizer containing 60 % K2O, similar to 49.8% K; the product can also be applied as component in multi-nutrient fertilisers. Potassium chloride is produced by shaft mining and beneficiation. The modelled process includes the mining of potash salt. The incoming waste from the production is treated as inert material on a landfill site. Muriate of potash is produced in a wide variety of crystal sizes, according to the potash ore and process used. Different applications demand various particle-size distributions obtained by screening. Transport of the potash salt to the potassium chloride plant is included with the respective fuel demand and assumed by train. The mining machine emits the following substances: Ammonia to air, Benzene, Benzo{a}pyrene , Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Dust, Formaldehyde (methanal), Hydrogen chloride, Methane, Nitrogen oxides, Nitrous oxide, NMVOC, Sulphur dioxide. The potassium chloride process only emits dust. The background system is addressed as follows: Electricity, Thermal energy: The electricity (and thermal energy as by-product) used is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation. The country-specific modelling is achieved on multiple levels. Firstly the individual power plants in service are modelled according to the current national grid. This includes net losses and imported electricity. Second, the national emission and efficiency standards of the power plants are modelled. Third, the country-specific fuel supply (share of resources used, by import and / or domestic supply) including the country-specific properties (e.g. element and energy contents) are accounted for. Fourth, the import, transport, mining and exploration processes for the energy carrier supply chain are modelled according to the specific situation of each power-producing country. The different mining and exploration techniques (emissions and efficiencies) in the different exploration countries are accounted for according to current engineering knowledge and information. Steam: The steam supply is modelled according to the individual country-specific situation with regard to the technology efficiencies and energy carriers used. Efficiencies range from 84% to 94% in relation to the representative energy carrier (gas, oil, coal). Coal, crude oil and natural gas used for the generation of steam are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Transports: All relevant and known transport processes used are included. Overseas transport including rail and truck transport to and from major ports for imported bulk resources are included. Furthermore all relevant and known pipeline and / or tanker transport of gases and oil imports are included. Energy carriers: Coal, crude oil, natural gas and uranium are modelled according to the specific import situation (see electricity). Refinery products: Diesel, gasoline, technical gases, fuel oils, basic oils and residues such as bitumen are modelled via a country-specific, refinery parameterized model. The refinery model represents the current national standard in refinery techniques (e.g. emission level, internal energy consumption,...) as well as the individual country-specific product output spectrum, which can be quite different from country to country. Hence the refinery products used show the individual country-specific use of resources. The supply of crude oil is modelled, again, according to the country-specific crude oil situation with the respective properties of the resources. Overseas freight train transport is also included from manufacturing plant to port using freight train RER from ecoinvent.Transport on ocean freight ship to New Zealand using ocean freight ship 50.000 dwt from ecoinvent.Weighted transport distances are used, based on countries of origin provided by the NZ fertiliser industry. Weighted transport to two NZ ports (Tauranga and Christchurch) and subsequently to regional storages (Te Puke and Nelson respectively) is included, based on information of destination provided by the NZ fertiliser industry. Presented in report LCI result Attributional There is no allocation necessary for the muriate of potash manufacturing process. Allocation of upstream data (energy): * Energy data (e.g. refined products like diesel, gasoline, fuel oil and propane) are allocated by mass in relation to the refinery emissions and energy demands are allocated by energy content in relation to the crude oil consumption. All data used in the calculation of the LCI results refer to net calorific value. For the transport of energy carriers average transport processes with specific parameter settings e.g. transport distances and route (ship, pipeline, rail, road) are used. None Cut-off rules for each unit process in the cradle-to-manufacturing stage: Coverage of at least 98 % of mass and energy of the input and output flows and 98 % of their environmental relevance. Infrastructure is not included. Data set based on average site specific and literature data - on an annual basis. All data were collected and provided in a consistent way and consistent upstream data are used for all production and transportation processes. In cases where no primary data were available, literature data provided by EFMA for cradle-to-manufacturing-gate or calculated data was used. SimaPro 2011 GaBi databases 2006 Energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in fertiliser production Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) of Fertiliser Production EFMA - Average Emissions Year 2006 Spielmann M. et. al. (2007) Ecoinvent: Overview and Methodology 90.0 Primary data were collected on fertilizer production for the year 2006. These data were based on annual average data for the year 2006. The representative upstream data (mainly energies and fuels) were obtained from the GaBi 4 database 2006 and are representative of the years 2000-2005, based on data availability. Analyses were used to address the precision and uncertainty of relevant data as well as to justify the inclusion or exclusion of data from the system boundaries. This dataset can be used for carbon footprint studies of NZ farming systems which use imported fertilisers from NZ regional storage. The dataset excludes field emissions from fertiliser use. All relevant flows quantified The reviewers found - that the study on the LCI on greenhouse gas emissions of the imported KCl at regional NZ storage followed both ISO 14040 and 14044 - that the approaches adopted were scientifically and technically valid - that because of AgResearch’s good relationship with the NZ fertiliser industry the data were of the highest quality possible Plant & food Research; Brent Clothier, Markus Deurer, Karin Müller AgriLINK, Andrew Barber An earlier version of the datasets and report were also reviewed by Andrew Barber from AgriLINK. The reviewer found minor grammar mistakes. He also recommended comparing results of KCl with a former study of 2008 and disaggregating the results into different life cycle stages, which was done in the report. Another comment was that the dataset excludes field emissions from fertiliser use, which was made clearer. Paragraph in report 'An ILCD database of three fertilisers for the kiwifruit industry' by Zonderland-Thomassen et al. for LCMNZ & ZESPRI AgResearch, Marlies Zonderland-Thomassen ILCD Inventory Datasets Project funded by MAF and Zespri AgResearch, Marlies Zonderland-Thomassen 2011-07-12T11:25:19.520+12:00 ILCD Format AgResearch, Marlies Zonderland-Thomassen 2011-05-17T00:00:00.000+12:00 01.00.000 Partly used ELCD dataset nr. false The cradle-to-manufacturing information was used under the following restrictions: The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perfom LCA studies, to distribute to third parties, to convert it to other formats, to develop own data sets etc. as long as the copyright and license conditions for the ELCD data sets and the ILCD format are met that can be accesses via http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu. Please note e.g. that reference must be given to 'Owner of data set' and to the 'ELCD database' plus version number, when using the data set or parts thereof. Please note also, that any modifications/omissions of the data set results in invalidity of any existing 'Official approval of data set by producer/operator', that the impression must be avoided that this would still be a complete ELCD data set and that the content of further fields has to be adjusted. For details see the aforementioned copyright and license conditions. Carbon dioxide Output 0.35142227 0.35142227 NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin Output 1.8449677E-6 1.8449677E-6 Dinitrogen monoxide Output 1.4475311E-6 1.4475311E-6 Methane Output 4.40967E-4 4.40967E-4 Carbon dioxide, fossil Output 0.020201925 0.020201925 Methane, dichlorodifluoro-, CFC-12 Output 1.0287773E-12 1.0287773E-12 Methane, dichlorodifluoro-, CFC-12 Output 1.2070333E-19 1.2070333E-19 Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-, CFC-114 Output 1.1663711E-8 1.1663711E-8 Methane, dichlorofluoro-, HCFC-21 Output 1.9768076E-15 1.9768076E-15 Methane, bromochlorodifluoro-, Halon 1211 Output 2.0894839E-10 2.0894839E-10 Methane, chlorodifluoro-, HCFC-22 Output 1.088931E-11 1.088931E-11 Chloroform Output 6.6975631E-20 6.6975631E-20 Methane, fossil Output 3.9529303E-6 3.9529303E-6 NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin Output 2.2215065E-4 2.2215065E-4 Methane, trichlorofluoro-, CFC-11 Output 3.2092414E-15 3.2092414E-15 Methane, tetrafluoro-, CFC-14 Output 1.7683347E-12 1.7683347E-12 Methane, dichlorodifluoro-, CFC-12 Output 2.3518881E-9 2.3518881E-9 Carbon dioxide, fossil Output 0.14012599 0.14012599 Methane, monochloro-, R-40 Output 2.7865545E-12 2.7865545E-12 Carbon monoxide, fossil Output 4.5408327E-6 4.5408327E-6 Methane, tetrachloro-, CFC-10 Output 5.3973036E-17 5.3973036E-17 Methane, fossil Output 1.5546153E-4 1.5546153E-4 Methane, fossil Output 5.2474128E-14 5.2474128E-14 Carbon monoxide, fossil Output 2.6143995E-4 2.6143995E-4 Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-, HFC-134a Output 4.1640873E-8 4.1640873E-8 Ethane, 1,1-difluoro-, HFC-152a Output 3.4382915E-11 3.4382915E-11 Chloroform Output 5.1564279E-13 5.1564279E-13 Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-, HCFC-140 Output 1.0521196E-13 1.0521196E-13 Methane, dichloro-, HCC-30 Output 1.5264614E-12 1.5264614E-12 Dinitrogen monoxide Output 1.041736E-5 1.041736E-5 Dinitrogen monoxide Output 3.1484229E-14 3.1484229E-14 Methane, monochloro-, R-40 Output 3.9902091E-14 3.9902091E-14 NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin Output 7.0414772E-13 7.0414772E-13 Methane, bromotrifluoro-, Halon 1301 Output 1.6991964E-9 1.6991964E-9 Methane, dichloro-, HCC-30 Output 6.1042829E-13 6.1042829E-13 Methane, biogenic Output 2.03E-6 2.03E-6 Sulfur hexafluoride Output 5.5109598E-12 5.5109598E-12 Carbon dioxide, fossil Output 3.3058317E-9 3.3058317E-9 Methane, fossil Output 2.0261101E-6 2.0261101E-6 kCl - at NZ regional storage GHG only S Output 1.0 1.0 Carbon dioxide, land transformation Output 3.6167219E-6 3.6167219E-6 Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-, HFC-134a Output 2.6805874E-11 2.6805874E-11 Carbon monoxide, fossil Output 3.8830384E-12 3.8830384E-12 Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- Output 2.101635E-13 2.101635E-13 Methane, trifluoro-, HFC-23 Output 6.2898422E-13 6.2898422E-13 Dinitrogen monoxide Output 4.5856231E-7 4.5856231E-7 Ethane, 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-, CFC-113 Output 2.3086325E-13 2.3086325E-13 Ethane, 1,2-dichloro- Output 3.8760947E-10 3.8760947E-10 Carbon monoxide Output 4.0577082E-4 4.0577082E-4 Methane, chlorotrifluoro-, CFC-13 Output 1.4762489E-9 1.4762489E-9 Ethane, 1,1,1-trichloro-, HCFC-140 Output 1.2389265E-19 1.2389265E-19 Carbon monoxide, fossil Output 1.2145234E-4 1.2145234E-4 Methane, bromotrifluoro-, Halon 1301 Output 7.0737169E-16 7.0737169E-16 Methane, chlorodifluoro-, HCFC-22 Output 3.5698392E-9 3.5698392E-9 Carbon dioxide, fossil Output 0.029025651 0.029025651 VOC, volatile organic compounds Output 1.4878012E-6 1.4878012E-6 Methane, bromo-, Halon 1001 Output 1.8154567E-19 1.8154567E-19 Chloroform Output 1.6828039E-11 1.6828039E-11 Ethane, 1,2-dibromo- Output 1.2311306E-14 1.2311306E-14 Sulfur hexafluoride Output 3.9384872E-9 3.9384872E-9 Methane, trichlorofluoro-, CFC-11 Output 1.0935177E-8 1.0935177E-8 Ethane, hexafluoro-, HFC-116 Output 1.6757446E-11 1.6757446E-11 Ethane, hexafluoro-, HFC-116 Output 3.329625E-10 3.329625E-10 Methane, tetrachloro-, CFC-10 Output 3.8594215E-11 3.8594215E-11 NMVOC, non-methane volatile organic compounds, unspecified origin Output 3.1055348E-5 3.1055348E-5 Methane, tetrafluoro-, CFC-14 Output 2.9966863E-9 2.9966863E-9 Ethane, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-, HFC-134a Output 6.9481824E-13 6.9481824E-13 Carbon dioxide Input 0.0013396348 0.0013396348 Carbon, in organic matter, in soil Input 5.4339086E-8 5.4339086E-8